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股權(quán)分配的模式可以按照哪些方面處理？
發(fā)布時間：2024-03-05 來源：http://www.aibangwang.cn/
（一）一元股權(quán)架構(gòu)
（1） Unified equity structure
直接按各自出資分割股權(quán)、分享股權(quán)決策權(quán)及分紅權(quán)，這是簡單、較傳統(tǒng)的股權(quán)架構(gòu)類型。采用該種股權(quán)架構(gòu)，看似簡單地解決了股權(quán)分配的難題，但由于股東之間的股權(quán)比例只能根據(jù)其出資來確定，對于初創(chuàng)企業(yè)的創(chuàng)始人而言，其對企業(yè)控制權(quán)的掌握也缺少了自主性和靈活性，甚至很容易因企業(yè)融資或因他人惡意爭奪企業(yè)控制權(quán)，或是其他的意外變故而喪失了對企業(yè)的控制。
Directly dividing equity, sharing equity decision-making and dividend rights based on individual contributions is a simple and more traditional type of equity structure. Adopting this equity structure may seem like a simple solution to the problem of equity distribution, but due to the fact that the proportion of equity among shareholders can only be determined based on their contributions, the founder of a startup lacks autonomy and flexibility in controlling the enterprise. It is even easy to lose control of the enterprise due to financing, malicious competition for control by others, or other unexpected changes.
（二）二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)
（2） Dual equity structure
比一元股權(quán)架構(gòu)更靈活一些的，還有二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)。二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)在國外非常普遍，這種股權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)能幫助創(chuàng)始人和大股東在公司上市后仍能保持對公司的控制權(quán)。二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)的關(guān)鍵在于想好分別賦予兩類股多少表決權(quán)，以及兩類股分別通過怎樣的方式授予公司的股東。我國上市公司尚不允許采取這種二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)，但是《公司法》第四十二條規(guī)定：“股東會會議由股東按照出資比例行使表決權(quán)；但是，公司章程另有規(guī)定的除外。”實際上是為股東通過章程設(shè)定二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)安排預(yù)留了空間。
There is also a binary equity structure that is more flexible than a single equity structure. The dual equity structure is very common abroad, which can help founders and major shareholders maintain control over the company even after it goes public. The key to a dual equity structure is to figure out how much voting rights should be granted to each of the two types of shares, and how they should be granted to the shareholders of the company. Listed companies in our country are not yet allowed to adopt this dual equity structure, but Article 42 of the Company Law stipulates that "shareholders shall exercise their voting rights at shareholder meetings in proportion to their capital contributions; except as otherwise provided in the company's articles of association." In fact, it reserves space for shareholders to establish a dual equity structure arrangement through the articles of association.
（三）多元股權(quán)架構(gòu)
（3） Diversified equity structure
在二元股權(quán)架構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)上，將公司的股東分為多個類型，創(chuàng)始人、合伙人、員工、投資人，資源股東等等。針對他們的權(quán)利進行整體性安排，以實現(xiàn)企業(yè)維護創(chuàng)始人控制權(quán)、凝聚合伙人團隊、讓員工分享公司財富、促進投資者進入等目標(biāo)。相對于前兩種股權(quán)架構(gòu)來說，多元架構(gòu)能充分考慮企業(yè)各類主體間的利益關(guān)系，以及各類主體對企業(yè)本身的貢獻等多方因素，來指導(dǎo)股權(quán)的劃分思路，因此在此種架構(gòu)下劃分股權(quán)能有利于公司整體的快速發(fā)展，而不是個別股東利益大化，同時也符合企業(yè)治理的需求。
On the basis of the binary equity structure, the company's shareholders are divided into multiple types, including founders, partners, employees, investors, resource shareholders, and so on. Make overall arrangements for their rights to achieve the goals of maintaining founder control, consolidating partner teams, allowing employees to share company wealth, and promoting investor participation. Compared to the first two types of equity structures, a diversified structure can fully consider the interests of various entities in the enterprise, as well as the contributions of various entities to the enterprise itself, and guide the division of equity ideas. Therefore, dividing equity under this structure can be conducive to the rapid development of the company as a whole, rather than maximizing the interests of individual shareholders, and also meet the needs of corporate governance.
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